Psidium guajava It's Botanical Description, Phytochemistry, Pharmacological Activities and It's Role in Antiulcer Activity
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https://doi.org/10.55544/jrasb.4.3.5Keywords:
Psidium guajava, Phytochemistry, pharmacological activity, antiulcer activityAbstract
Psidium guajava L., commonly known as guava, is a widely distributed tropical and subtropical plant belonging to the family Myrtaceae. It has been traditionally used in folk medicine for the treatment of a variety of ailments, particularly gastrointestinal disorders. This plant has attracted considerable scientific interest due to its rich phytochemical profile and broad pharmacological properties. The present review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the botanical characteristics, chemical constituents, pharmacological activities, and specifically the antiulcer potential of Psidium guajava. Botanically, P. guajava is a small tree or shrub characterized by oval leaves, white aromatic flowers, and edible fruits. Phytochemical investigations reveal the presence of a wide array of bioactive compounds such as flavonoids (quercetin, kaempferol), tannins, essential oils, saponins, and phenolic acids, especially concentrated in the leaves and fruits. These constituents contribute significantly to the plant’s antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antidiabetic, hepatoprotective, and anticancer activities. One of the most promising pharmacological attributes of P. guajava is its antiulcer activity. Preclinical studies demonstrate that guava leaf extracts exert protective effects in various experimental ulcer models, including ethanol- and NSAID-induced ulcers. The underlying mechanisms involve antioxidant defense, inhibition of gastric acid secretion, enhancement of mucus production, and suppression of inflammatory mediators. Additionally, antimicrobial activity against Helicobacter pylori, a key pathogen in ulcerogenesis, further supports its antiulcer potential. Overall, P. guajava emerges as a valuable natural resource with multifaceted therapeutic potential. Its antiulcer effects are well-supported by traditional use and experimental evidence. Further clinical validation and standardization of formulations are warranted to facilitate its development as a complementary or alternative treatment for gastric ulcers.
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