Advanced Preparation Techniques for High-Performance Liquid Crystal Cells: A Review on the Last Decade
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.55544/jrasb.5.1.23Keywords:
Liquid Crystal Cells, Photo-Alignment, Blue-Phase LC, Graphene Electrode, Polymer Network, Cell-Gap Uniformity, Alignment Layer, Fabrication ReviewAbstract
Fabricating high-performance liquid crystal (LC) cells has changed considerably over the past decade, driven by pressure to lower power consumption, speed up switching, accommodate flexible form factors, and improve colour accuracy in display and photonic applications. This review surveys the main preparation techniques reported between 2015 and 2025, covering substrate cleaning and pre-treatment, electrode deposition, alignment layer engineering, cell-gap control, LC filling, and sealing. Particular attention goes to photo-alignment methods, polymer-stabilised blue-phase LCs, atomic-layer-deposited oxide electrodes, graphene-based transparent conductors, and AI-assisted process optimisation. Performance data are compiled in structured tables to allow direct comparison across methodological generations. The review also identifies persistent fabrication difficulties most notably, defect density control at sub-nanometre scales and outlines directions the field is likely to pursue through the 2030s.
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