Estimation of Interleukin -6 and Tumor Necrosis Factor-Alpha Levels in Menopausal Women with Urinary Tract Infections

Sahar Faisal Shalash; Moafaq Mutlak Zeidan

doi:10.55544/jrasb.2.3.3

Authors

Sahar Faisal Shalash Department of Biology, College of Sciences, University of Tikrit, Tikrit, IRAQ.
Moafaq Mutlak Zeidan Department of Biology, College of Sciences, University of Tikrit, Tikrit, IRAQ.

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.55544/jrasb.2.3.3

Keywords:

Urinary Tract Infections (UTI), IL-6, TNF-α, Menopause

Abstract

Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are very common, especially among women of reproductive age, and affect people of both sexes.

This research was out to quantify cellular Interleukin levels in postmenopausal women experiencing UTIs. Results: The results of the results of the most recent research shown both IL-6 and TNF-α were very high in women with urinary tract infection (P>0.01) and that levels of these cellular motility were positively correlated.

Conclusions: The current study found a relationship between increased levels of IL-6 and TNF-α in serum of postmenopausal woman patient with urinary tract infection.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Metrics

Metrics Loading ...

References

Neugent, M. L., Hulyalkar, N. V., Nguyen, V. H., Zimmern, P. E., & De Nisco, N. J. (2020). Advances in understanding the human urinary microbiome and its potential role in urinary tract infection. MBio, 11(2), e00218-20.‏

Stefaniuk, E., Suchocka, U., Bosacka, K., & Hryniewicz, W. (2016). Etiology and antibiotic susceptibility of bacterial pathogens responsible for community-acquired urinary tract infections in Poland. European Journal of Clinical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases, 35(8), 1363-1369.‏

Das, S. (2020). Natural therapeutics for urinary tract infections—a review. Future Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 6, 1-13.‏

Klein, R. D., & Hultgren, S. J. (2020). Urinary tract infections: microbial pathogenesis, host–pathogen interactions and new treatment strategies. Nature Reviews Microbiology, 18(4), 211-226.

‏Edwards, G., Seeley, A., Carter, A., Patrick Smith, M., Cross, E. L., Hughes, K., ... & Hayward, G. (2023). What is the diagnostic accuracy of novel urine biomarkers for urinary tract infection?. Biomarker Insights, 18, 11772719221144459.

‏Ataie-Kachoie, P., Pourgholami, M. H., & Morris, D. L. (2013). Inhibition of the IL-6 signaling pathway: a strategy to combat chronic inflammatory diseases and cancer. Cytokine & growth factor reviews, 24(2), 163-173.

Fujihara , K ., Bennett , J .L ., de Seze , J ., HARAMURA , M., Kleiter , I ., Weinshenker , T .(2020) . Interleukin-6 in neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder pathophysiology . Neurology-Neuroimmunology Neuroinflammation ,7 (5) .

‏Rizk, A. H., El-Shishtawy, M., & Al-Kholy, A. F. (2013). Tissue extract fluid cytokine levels as markers for wound vitality: an experimental comparative study. J Am Sci, 9, 188-93.

Kalliolias, G. D., & Ivashkiv, L. B. (2016). TNF biology, pathogenic mechanisms and emerging therapeutic strategies. Nature reviews rheumatology, 12(1), 49-62.

‏Raz, R., & Naber, K. G. (2011). Urinary tract infection in postmenopausal women. Korean journal of urology, 52(12), 801-808.

‏Gameiro, C. M., Romão, F., & Castelo-Branco, C. (2010). Menopause and aging: changes in the immune system—a review. Maturitas, 67(4), 316-320

Stepan, J. J., Hruskova, H., & Kverka, M. (2019). Update on menopausal hormone therapy for fracture prevention. Current Osteoporosis Reports, 17, 465-473.

Kim, O. Y., Chae, J. S., Paik, J. K., Seo, H. S., Jang, Y., Cavaillon, J. M., & Lee, J. H. (2012). Effects of aging and menopause on serum interleukin-6 levels and peripheral blood mononuclear cell cytokine production in healthy nonobese women. Age, 34, 415-425.

Ali, A. J., & Jaafar, N. A. H. (2022). Role of IL-6 in urinary tract infection among diabetic and non-diabetic patients. Tikrit Journal of Pure Science, 27(5), 7-11.

‏Al-Kaabi, H. K. J., & Al-Khalidi, B. A. H. (2020, November). Investigation of IL-6, IL-8 and TNF-α among patients infected with Proteus mirabilis in UTI Cases. In Journal of Physics: Conference Series (Vol. 1664, No. 1, p. 012124). IOP Publishing.

‏Al-Khafaf , D . M . R.(2012) . Study of some microbial and Immunological parameters in patients with Urinary Tract Infection in Al-Diwanyia city ; QMJ VOL . 8 No . 13 : 28 – 38 .

Tanaka , T ., Kishimoto ,T .(2012) . Targting interleukin – 6 : all the way to treat autoimmune and inflammatory diseases . Int J Bio Sci ; 8 : 1227 – 1236 .

Zarkesh, M., Sedaghat, F., Heidarzadeh, A., Tabrizi, M., Moghadam, K. B., & Ghesmati, S. (2015). Diagnostic value of IL-6, CRP, WBC, and absolute neutrophil count to predict serious bacterial infection in febrile infants. Acta Medica Iranica, 408-411.

Metcalf, C. A., Johnson, R. L., Freeman, E. W., Sammel, M. D., & Epperson, C. N. (2021). Influences of the menopause transition and adverse childhood experiences on peripheral basal inflammatory markers. Brain, Behavior, & Immunity-Health, 15, 100280.

Jiang, Y. H., Peng, C. H., Liu, H. T., & Kuo, H. C. (2013). Increased pro-inflammatory cytokines, C-reactive protein and nerve growth factor expressions in serum of patients with interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome. PloS one, 8(10), e76779.

Vazquez – Huerta , D . I ., Alvarez – Rodriguez , B . A ., Topete – Reyes , J . F ., Munoz – Valle , J. F ., Parra – Michel , R ., Fuentes – Ramirez , F ., & Brennan – Bourdon , L . M .(2014) . Tumor necrosis factor alpha – 238 G/A and – 308 G/A polymorphisim and soluble TNF-α levels in chronic kidney disease : correlation with clinical variables . International journal of clinical and experimental medicine , 7 (8) , 2111 .

‏Ching, C., Schwartz, L., Spencer, J. D., & Becknell, B. (2020). Innate immunity and urinary tract infection. Pediatric nephrology, 35, 1183-1192.‏