Reason, Method and Impact of Dampness on Residential Buildings in Urban Area
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.55544/jrasb.icaces.7Keywords:
Nanotechnology coatings, Infrared thermography, Sustainable construction, Retrofitting techniqueAbstract
A major problem in building construction and maintenance, dampness affects occupant health, aesthetics, and structural integrity. The mechanisms, causes, and techniques of dampness mitigation are examined in this paper. Excessive groundwater levels, inadequate drainage, capillary action, a lack of damp-proof courses (DPC), and porous building materials are some of the primary culprits. Dampness can be identified and treated in a variety of ways, including rising, penetrating, and condensation damp. The analysis highlights traditional mitigation techniques including cementitious coatings, lime-based plasters, and DPC systems in addition to innovative approaches like chemical injections, electro-osmotic systems, and hydrophobic coatings based on nanotechnology. Ground-penetrating radar, moisture meters, and infrared thermography are examples of diagnostic innovations that enhance early detection. IoT-based smart sensors and environmental monitoring help further with indoor moisture management. Emerging technologies such as Building Information Modelling (BIM) and AI-driven computational tools enable active moisture control. Geopolymers and bio-based composites are environmentally beneficial substitutes for conventional damp-proofing techniques. However, the effectiveness of these methods is influenced by climate, material properties, and building age. Our research highlights the importance of integrating traditional knowledge with innovative materials and diagnostics to provide long-lasting, healthy, and sustainable built environments. Future studies should focus on affordable, regionally unique solutions that are tailored to different architectural and climatic contexts.
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