Mechanisms & Applications of Quantum Tunneling in Quantum Dots, Nanowires and Tunnel Junctions

Abstract

Quantum tunneling is a fundamental quantum-mechanical phenomenon that enables particles to traverse potential barriers even when their classical energy is insufficient for surmounting them. At nanoscale dimensions, tunneling governs transport behaviour, influencing charge conduction, spin dynamics, quantum coherence, and device switching characteristics. This research describes in-depth an entire tunneling mechanisms assessment that covers different applications in quantum dots, nanowires, and tunnel junctions’ industries. The papers major points were theoretical concepts, device-dependent tunneling effects, fabrication issues, and new uses in quantum computing, spintronics, nano-optoelectronics, neuromorphic computing, and energy systems. The comparison is made among three different types of nanostructures, and the areas of research that will be most likely affected by the progress of materials and quantum engineering techniques are pointed out.