Effect of Organic and Inorganic Fertilizer Doses on Growth and Yield of Wheat Crop (Triticum aestivum) in Northeast Agro Ecology of Afghanistan

Authors

  • Khalilullah Khaleeq Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Kunduz University, AFGHANISTAN. https://orcid.org/0009-0000-9052-135X
  • Noorullah Zahid Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Kunduz University, AFGHANISTAN.
  • Ahmad Munir Amini Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Kunduz University, AFGHANISTAN.
  • Jamaluddin Akbari Department of Agricultural Economics and Extension, Agriculture Faculty, Kunduz University, AFGHANISTAN.
  • Naweed Forotan Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Kunduz University, AFGHANISTAN.

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.55544/jrasb.4.4.4

Keywords:

Growth, Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Poultry Manure, Wheat, Yield

Abstract

A field experiment was conducted at the agriculture farm of Kunduz University during the fall season of 2023 to evaluate the effects of organic and inorganic fertilizers on the growth and yield of wheat crop in the northeast agro ecology of Afghanistan. The study included five treatments: control, 160 kg N/ha+80 kg P2O5/ha+10 tons of poultry manure/ha, 80 kg N/ha+40 kg P2O5/ha+5 tons of poultry manure and 160 kg N/ha+80 kg P2O5+10 tons of poultry manure. Results indicated that the combination of 160 kg N/ha + 80 kg P2O5/ha+10 tons of poultry manure yielded the highest plant height (107.08 cm), leaf area index (3.02), dry matter accumulation (372.81 g/plant), spike length (16.51 cm), spikes per square meter (343.67), spikelet's per spike (21.40), grains per spike (53.62), 1000-grain weight (57.73 g), grain yield (4.20 tons/ha), straw yield (6.38 tons/ha), biological yield (10.39 tons/ha), harvest index (44.61%), gross return (101,165 AFN/ha), net return (60,740 AFN/ha) and benefit cost ratio (1.73). The control plot exhibited the lowest growth, yield and economic performance. Treatment revealed the detrimental effects of inadequate fertilization underscoring the necessity for nutrient management in wheat cultivation. The results advocate for integrated nutrient management practices that leverage both organic and inorganic fertilizers to optimize agricultural productivity sustainably. These findings provide valuable insights for farmers and agricultural policymakers in Afghanistan emphasizing the need to adopt balanced fertilization techniques to enhance food security and economic stability in the region. Future research should focus on long-term effects and the sustainability of these practices to ensure continued agricultural success.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Ahmadi, A., Nazir, R., Ebrahimi, H., & Khaleeq, K. (2024). Optimization of Phosphorus Application Rate on Maize under Agro-ecological Condition of Urozgan: Optimization of Phosphorus Levels. Journal for Research in Applied Sciences and Biotechnology, 3(1), 264–267. https://doi.org/10.55544/jrasb.3.1.42

FAO. 2014. International Wheat Production Statistics. www.fao.org/ faostat/en/#data/QC (Accessed 2018/6/ 25).

FAO. 2018. International Wheat Production Statistics. www.fao.org/ faostat/en/#data/QC (Accessed 2018/6/ 25).

Ghasal, P. C., Shivay, Y. S., Pooniya, V., Choudhary, M., & Verma, R. K. (2017). Response of wheat genotypes to zinc fertilization for improving productivity and quality. Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science, 63(11), 1597-1612.

Hemmat, N., Khaleeq, K., Nasrat, N. A., Meena, S. L., Shivay, Y. S., Kumar, D., & Varghese, C. (2023). Productivity of wheat (Triticum aestivum) as influenced by zinc fertilization under semi-arid conditions of Kandahar, Afghanistan. Indian Journal of Agronomy, 68(2), 215-218.

Islam, S., Ullah, S., Anjum, M. M., Nawab Ali, B. A., Ahmad, B., & Ahmed, S. (2017). Impact of various levels of phosphorus on wheat (CV. PIRSABAK-2013). International Journal of Environmental Sciences & Natural Resources, 6(5), 106-111.

Jamwal, J. S., & Bhagat, K. L. (2004). Reponse of wheat (Triticum aestivum) to top-dressing of diammonium phosphate in rainfed areas of Shivalik foothills. Indian Journal of Agronomy, 49(4), 251-253.

Kedir, U. (2023). Middle East Journal of Agriculture Research Volume: 12| Issue: 01| Jan.–Mar.| 2023. Middle East J, 12(1), 152-162.

Khaleeq, K., Rathore, S. S., Hemmat, N., Shekhawat, K., Padhan, S. R., Babu, S., & Singh, R. K. (2023). Optimization of phosphorus levels for enhancing groundnut productivity under different land configuration in semi-arid ecologies of Afghanistan. Indian Journal of Agronomy, 68(4), 455-458.

Kowsar, R., Jiemtaweeboon, S., Shirasuna, K., Shimizu, T., Sasaki, M., Kitamura, N., & Miyamoto, A. (2014). Accumulation of eosinophils in the infundibulum of the bovine oviduct just after ovulation. Journal of Veterinary Medical Science, 76(9), 1231-1234.

Nazir, R., Sayedi, S. A., Zaryal, K., Khaleeq, K., Godara, S., Bamboriya, S. D., & Bana, R. S. (2022). Effects of phosphorus application on bunch and spreading genotypes of groundnut. Journal of Agriculture and Ecology, 14, 26-31. http://doi.org/10.53911/JAE.2022.14204

Rizwan, M., Ali, S., Rehman, M. Z. U., & Maqbool, A. (2019). A critical review on the effects of zinc at toxic levels of cadmium in plants. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 26, 6279-6289.

Samim, M., Haqmal, M., Afghan, A., Khaleeq, K., & Ahmadi, A. (2023). Response of Soybean to Nitrogen Levels and Weed Management on Growth, Yield and Economic Efficiency. Journal for Research in Applied Sciences and Biotechnology, 2(5), 139–145. https://doi.org/10.55544/jrasb.2.5.23

Sharma, S., & Prasad, F. M. (2010). Accumulation of lead and cadmium in soil and vegetable crops along major highways in Agra (India). Journal of Chemistry, 7(4), 1174-1183.

Sarwar, N., Imran, M., Shaheen, M. R., Ishaque, W., Kamran, M. A., Matloob, A., & Hussain, S. (2017). Phytoremediation strategies for soils contaminated with heavy metals: modifications and future perspectives. Chemosphere, 171, 710-721.

Seerat, W.A., Nazir, R., Nimgrri, H., Yahyazai, M. and Khaleeq, K. (2023). Nitrogen and phosphorus effects on growth, and yield of black-eyed bean (Vigna unguiculata L.). Journal of Agriculture and Ecology, 17: 99-102; https://doi.org/10.58628/JAE-2317-318

Shahane, G. S., Zipare, K. V., Bandgar, S. S., & Mathe, V. L. (2017). Cation distribution and magnetic properties of Zn 2+ substituted MnFe 2 O 4 nanoparticles. Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics, 28, 4146-4153.

Zulfiqar, F., Casadesús, A., Brockman, H., & Munné-Bosch, S. (2020). An overview of plant-based natural biostimulants for sustainable horticulture with a particular focus on moringa leaf extracts. Plant Science, 295, 110194.

Downloads

Published

2025-08-11

How to Cite

Khaleeq, K., Zahid, N., Amini, A. M., Akbari, J., & Forotan, N. (2025). Effect of Organic and Inorganic Fertilizer Doses on Growth and Yield of Wheat Crop (Triticum aestivum) in Northeast Agro Ecology of Afghanistan. Journal for Research in Applied Sciences and Biotechnology, 4(4), 29–35. https://doi.org/10.55544/jrasb.4.4.4

Issue

Vol. 4 No. 4 (2025): August Issue

Section

Articles

License

Copyright (c) 2025 Khalilullah Khaleeq, Noorullah Zahid, Ahmad Munir Amini, Jamaluddin Akbari, Naweed Forotan

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

Similar Articles

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 > >> 

You may also start an advanced similarity search for this article.

Most read articles by the same author(s)