The Himalayan Hemp (Cannabis sativa L.): An Ancient Multifaceted Crop for a Green Economy - A Review
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.55544/jrasb.5.5.5Keywords:
bioenergy, bioproducts, Cannabis sativa, green economy, Himalayan hemp, industrial hempAbstract
Cannabis sativa L. is an ancient and highly versatile crop whose fibre, seed, oil, biomass and phytochemicals provide opportunities across agricultural, industrial, nutritional, environmental and bioenergy sectors. Its long association with Asian agriculture and traditional use in India is particularly relevant to the Himalayan region, where Cannabis has a long cultural history and occurs under diverse ecological conditions. Renewed interest in a green economy has increased attention to renewable biomass, biodegradable materials, plant-based products and low-input agricultural systems. Hemp can contribute to these objectives through fibre and hurd-based composites, paper and textiles, seed and oil products, essential oils, biofuels, biopolymers, single-cell protein and phytoremediation. Its phytochemical diversity, including cannabinoids, terpenoids and other secondary metabolites, also provides a basis for pharmaceutical and high-value bioproduct research. This review synthesizes the botanical, ecological and historical characteristics of C. sativa and examines its major uses, environmental services, bioenergy potential and global market development, with particular emphasis on the relevance of hemp to the Indian Himalayan region. The review also highlights research priorities required for responsible, scientifically validated and economically viable utilization of Himalayan hemp within a sustainable green-economy framework.
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