Agrobacterium Mediated Genetic Transformation Efficiency in Model Plants
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.55544/jrasb.4.6.21Keywords:
Agrobacterium tumefaciens, genetic transformation, transformation efficiency, model plants, Arabidopsis thaliana, plant biotechnology, gene delivery, high-throughput phenotyping, artificial intelligence in plant science, genomic integrationAbstract
Genetic transformation Agrobacterium-mediated genetic transformation is a key technology in plant biotechnology to integrably incorporate genes stably and as a platform in functional genomics research. Transformation efficiency still stands out as an important factor in determining the success of experiments as well as on a large-scale basis, especially when dealing with a wide range of plant species with a variation in biological functions. This paper provides a systematic literature research paper on the efficiency of transformation in model plants and the chosen crop systems, with emphasis on the biological processes, optimization and strategies, genomic implications, and new technological improvements. It has been shown that model plants like Arabidopsis thaliana show always high efficiency of transformation, especially when optimized conditions are used like the floral dip protocol in combination with physiological pre-treatments including control drought stress. In production crops like soybean and wheat, genotype dependency and tissue regeneration issues limit the efficiency of transformation, but the use of auxiliary chemical treatments, optimised conditions of co-cultivation, and to a great extent, the selection of improved explants boosts the success of gene delivery. Host immune responses are a primary biological impediment to successful transformation, and engineered attenuated bacterial strains that can counter immune body detection are more efficient. The genomic analysis shows that random T-DNA insertion may bring structural variation and unwanted genomic alterations, thus the use of molecular characterization to assure biosafety. Novel technology, such as nanovector-based delivery platforms, artificial intelligence-based platform of design of gene-editing applications, and high-throughput technologies in phenotyping, further reinforce transformation evaluation and scalability. All in all, the results suggest that biological optimization in combination with technical progress and genomic validation are necessary to enhance the validity and practicability of the Agrobacterium-mediated transformation in the research on plants and crop enhancement programs.
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