The Protective Role of Cinnamaldehyde in Kidney Injury: Modulation of NF-κB and PI3K/Akt Signaling Pathways

Abstract

Chronic renal disease is defined as the presence of kidney damage or impaired kidney function over a period of at least three months, regardless of the origin of the condition. Numerous factors, including oxidative stress, inflammation, and cell death, are frequently responsible for acute and chronic kidney injury, which is a significant issue in the field of global health. Because of the crucial functions that they play, the NF-κB and PI3K/Akt signaling pathways are potential therapeutic targets. These pathogenic processes are mediated by these pathways. cinnamonaldehyde, which is a naturally occurring bioactive component, has demonstrated encouraging nephroprotective properties. These properties are attributed to the fact that it contains anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anti-apoptotic properties. The purpose of this review is to investigate the molecular role of cinnamaldehyde in preventing kidney damage by modulating the NF-κB and PI3K/Akt pathways. Within this article, we examine the molecular pathways involved and highlight the potential of cinnamaldehyde as a treatment for renal disease. Although preclinical studies have demonstrated significant protective effects, additional research, including clinical trials, is required to validate its safety, effectiveness, and potential therapeutic uses in the management of renal illness in people.